var o = {
	"Amah"			: "A cubit. According to R Chaim Noeh this is 48cm, according to the Igrot Moshe this is 54.6cm and according to the Chazon Ish it is 58.0cm. One always tries to rely on the stricter opinion in each circumstance.",

	"Beit Se'asayim"	: "An area in which two se'ah of grain is normally planted (50x100 amos or roughly 1152 square metres) – it is the area of the courtyard of the Tabernacle (Exodus 27:9-12). See karpaif.",

	"Braisa"		: "A Mishnah that was not included in the original canon compiled by R Yehudah Hanasi.",

	"Chatzer"		: "Courtyard shared by two or more houses owned by different people.",

	"Delatot"		: "Doors. A reshut harabim that is surrounded by doors can be reclassified under rabbinic law as a reshut hayachid (Aruch HaShulchan: Aruch Chaim 364:1), but this is difficult to achieve in a public thoroughfare. The majority of early authorities – Rishonim, rule that a tzurat hapetach would not suffice in a reshut harabim, and that there would be a requirement of delatot. However, it is a matter of debate in the Achronim – later authorities, as to whether this obligation has a Torah basis or a rabbinic one. Many Achronim maintain that by Torah law a tzurat hapetach would reclassify a reshut harabim as a reshut hayachid and that the requirement of delatot is only rabbinic (see Shulchan Aruch HaRav: Aruch Chaim 364:4, Aruch HaShulchan: Aruch Chaim 364:1 etc.). Other Achronim state that a tzurat hapetach would not suffice once a street meets all the criteria of a reshut harabim. Consequently, the requirement of delatot is a Torah mandate (Beit Ephraim: Aruch Chaim #26, Chazon Ish: Aruch Chaim 74:2-3). There is disagreement as to whether the delatot need to be neulot ba'laila - closed at night, or just reuyos linol - fit to be closed (Shulchan Aruch: Aruch Chaim 364:2). According to The Maggid Mishnah (Eruvin 17:10) it depends whether or not we apply asu rabim u'mevatlei mechitzah. Those who require delatot neulot ba'laila maintain asu rabim u'mevatlei mechitzah and those who state that reuyos linol would suffice maintain lo asu rabim u'mevatlei mechitztah.",

	"Einam Mukafim L'Dira or Eino Mukaf L'Dira"	: "An area that is not designated for human habitation –see karpaif.",

	"Eruv"			: "The word \"eruv\" literally means \"mixture\" and although it is colloquially taken to mean the boundary within which one may carry on Shabbat, the word actually refers to areas that are mixed together (see for example Eruvin 6a). Although in this context it refers to eruv chatzeirot - \"mixed [ownership of] domains\", it is also used to describe other circumstances in which \"forbidden\" and \"permitted\" things are intermingled to make them indistinguishable, thus making them all permitted. In this context the term actually refers to the process of sharing ownership, done today by having one resident give some bread or matzah to another resident to keep, to create a joint ownership of food for the whole community. The boundary is technically called a shituf mevoyos (\"sharing of alleyways\"), and this geographical sharing is required in order to effectively engage in the process of eruv hatzeirot (\"mixing of courtyards\"). It is discussed in the Jerusalem and Babylonian Talmuds in tractate Eruvin.",

	"Eruvei Chatzeirot"	: "Merging of courtyards. A process by which bread is exchanged between householders within a courtyard, to show that it is owned by a unified consortium, thereby enabling them to carry from their houses into it. It was enacted by King Solomon who decreed that a carrying within a private domain was forbidden on Shabbat if it was owned by more than one party. Since a courtyard is shared between the households it leads to they would be forbidden to carry from one house to another. By exchanging bread they show that they are a unified consortium and thus are allowed to carry within it.",

	"Gemara"		: "Also known as the Talmud, it is an exposition on the Mishnah - Oral Law, written by Ravina and Rav Ashi. Although there is a Jerusalem Talmud and a Babylonian Talmud, the phrase usually refers to the latter.",

	"Gud Asik and Gud Achis"	: "Extending upwards and extending downwards. The idea that a vertical pole or ridge that is at least ten tefachim high can be considered to continue to extend upwards ad infinitum, or that for example, a ten-tefach high wall on a balcony extends downwards to serve as an imaginary boundary for the area underneath the balcony. In practice, gud asik means that if there is a telegraph pole with wires emanating from its side in a position where we would like to place a tzurat hapetach, if we attach a ten tefach-tall post/lechi to the base of the telegraph pole underneath where the wire comes out (or even a cuff around the base of the telegraph pole), the post extends upwards because of gud asik and forms one side of a tzurat hapetach with the telegraph wire. Similarly, walls of a building that are she'ainan nikarot – covered by a flat roof, allow carrying on the roof. This rule is similarly applied to a natural bank, ridge, incline or hill as long as the slope is at least 10 tefachim vertically for every four amos horizontally – approximately a twenty four degree slope.",

	"Halachah"	: "Jewish Law. For the purposes of this website, we have relied on the rulings of the three foremost Halachic Authorities of the Twentieth Century: R Avraham Yishaya Karelitz - The Chazon Ish; R Yisrael Meir HaCohen - The Mishnah Brurah (aka The Chofetz Chaim) and R Moshe Feinstein – Igrot Moshe.",

	"Heker"	: 	"Reminder. A lechi or a korah is a heker to remind people that they are coming to a different category of domain.",

	"Hotza'ah"	: "The forbidden act of carrying or transferring between halachic domains on Shabbat. Objects may be transferred between or within private domains as long as they are owned by the same person. It involves two acts: akirah – lifting, and hanachah – placing. This prohibition also includes dragging, throwing or kicking.",

	"Karmelit"	: "One of the four categories of domains outlined in the Talmud (Shabbat 6a). It is an open area larger than four tefachim by four tefachim that is not partitioned well enough to be classified as a reshut hayachid and not large enough to be a reshut harabim. It is forbidden to carry an object more than four amos within a karmelit on Shabbat. Most plots of land today that are not a reshut hayachid, are a karmelit. A continuous array of tzurat hapetachim (or walls) round the perimeter of a karmelit would reclassify it as a rechus hayachid.",

	"Karpaif"	: "An area that is eino mukaf l'dira – uninhabitable to humans or not designated for human habitation that is larger than five thousand square amos (a \"beit se'asayim\" - 50x100 amos or roughly 1152 square metres) and cannot be included in an eruv (Shulchan Aruch: Aruch Chaim 358:3). This is based on the area of the courtyard of the Tabernacle (Exodus 27:9-12).",

	"Kashrut"	: "Religious approval.",

	"Kinyan Kesef"	: "Required document to obtain permission/rights to use the area contained within the eruv. This must be obtained from all relevant executive powers.",

	"Koneh Elyon"	: "Another name for a lintel – the wire going across the poles used in a tzurat hapetach.",

	"Korah"	: "A horizontal lintel or plank that traverses the border between a reshut hayachid and a reshut harabim. It must be between ten tefachim and twenty amos off the ground (unless it is deeper than seven tefachim in which case it can be higher) and span an entrance no wider than ten tefachim. It must be at least a tefach deep.",

	"Lechi"	: "Vertical strip used to represent a doorpost to signify the boundary of an eruv. They can be made of anything solid from a length of twine to a plank of wood. It must be between ten tefachim and twenty amos high and less than three tefachim off the ground. In the E&B Eruv, lechis have been used at the arches on the pathway going under the railway bridge on the western flank of the eruv to show that this is the boundary of the eruv and that items should be carried no further.",

	"Lo Asu Rabim U'mevatlei Mechitzah"	: "The multitudes do not negate an enclosure. The opinion that a walled area is always a reshut hayachid, as long as the perimeter is made up more of walls than gaps – regardless of whether or not shishim ribo pass through it. It is based on a disagreement in the Gemara between Rabbi Yehudah and the other Sages (who hold lo asu rabim) (Eruvin 20a, 22a). Many halachic authorities hold that this argument is only in a case where the mechitzahs are not omed merubeh al haparutz.",

	"Lovud"	: "A gap between two walls of an eruv that does not invalidate their status since two solids separated by a space narrower than three tefachim are considered connected for halachic purposes. This means that any fences used in making the boundary of an eruv must not have gaps in them that are wider than three tefachim.",

	"Makom Patur"	: "A makom patur is one of the four categories of domains listed in the Talmud (Shabbat 6a). It is an area that cannot be described in terms of the other three definitions and so carrying between it and any of them is permitted.",

	"Malachah"	: "One of thirty nine creative or productive activities that cannot be performed on Shabbat.",

	"Mashkof"	: "A lintel.",

	"Mechitzah"	: "Partitions, walls or fences that are at least 10 tefachim high with gaps less than three amos wide. A trench that is ten tefachim deep and four tefachim wide also counts as a mechitzah.",

	"Mefulash"	: "Straight. A road that is too crooked would discourage pedestrians from using it and so is not a reshut harabim (based on Shulchan Aruch: Aruch Chaim 345:7). For this reason, straight roads are classified as a reshut harabim.",

	"Mefulash M'shaar L'shaar"	: "An area or street that is straight from city gateway to city gateway, which is defined as a reshut harabim by most authorities (Shulchan Aruch: Aruch Chaim 364:2). This applies to a city surrounded by a wall (see Rashi Eruvin 6a, Shulchan Aruch: Aruch Chaim 345:7) and does not apply if the gates are closed at night - neulot ba'laila (Eruvin 6b). Most rabbis understand this as meaning \"mefulash u'mechuvanim m'shaar l'shaar\" – running straight and open from city gate to city gate (Beit Yosef: Aruch Chaim 345:8; Magen Avraham: Aruch Chaim 345:6).",

	"Mil"		: "Measurement of distance equalling 2000 amahs.",

	"Mikorim"	: "A roofed area such as an overpass or railway bridge – this is generally accepted to discount a road's status of mefulash (Igrot Moshe: Aruch Chaim 1:140).",

	"Mocheh"	: "Someone who lives within the perimeter of the eruv but does not wish to benefit from it – does not invalidate the eruv (Eruvin 46a).",

	"Movui"	: 	"Alleyway – walled on at least two sides and connects a reshut hayachid (alleyway) to a reshut harabim (street).",

	"Omed Merubeh Al HaParutz"	: "(or vice versa: Parutz Merubah Al HaOmed) More of the perimeter of the eruv is standing (ie made of solid walls) than breached (or vice versa – see Mishnah Eruvin 1:8). According to Torah Law, if the walls of an eruv only enclose an area on three sides, the area is still classified as a reshut hayachid as long as they are at least omed merubeh al haparutz (Shulchan Aruch: Aruch Chaim 362:9-10, 363:1). It is thus preferable for an eruv perimeter to be omed merubeh al haparutz – more solid walls than tzurat hapetachim.",

	"Pas"	: 	"A plank. In some cases where a courtyard opened directly into the street (reshut harabim) it was used, much like a lechi for an alleyway. A pas must be at least four tefachim wide.",

	"Pesach"	: "An opening in the perimeter of a wall/eruv that is smaller than ten tefachim wide and as such does not invalidate the eruv.",

	"Platya"	: "An open square or plaza",

	"Pirtzah"	: "Gap in a wall that invalidates its use in defining a reshut hayachid if wider than ten amos (Shulchan Oruch: Aruch Chaim 363:9).",

	"Pitchei Shima'ei"	: "Crooked entrances or doorframes – which are invalid for use as an eruv.",

	"Pitcha Bekeren Zovis"	: "A gap in the eruv perimeter that lies on a bend in the boundary.",

	"Platya"	: "A City street – very much like a movui.",

	"Reshut"	: "Domain. The Talmud defines four different types of domains and mostly forbids carrying between them (Shabbat 6a). The eruv chatzeirot (\"mixing of courtyards\") acts to merge different domains together into a single entity within which carrying is thus permitted.",

	"Reshut HaRabim"	: "Literally \"Public Domain\" and is one of the four categories of domain listed in the Talmud (Shabbat 6a). The area encompassed by an eruv must not contain any land that can be classified as a reshut harabim. According to some it is a street wider than sixteen amos, according to others it is an open area within which shishim ribo travel or even live. Any plateau that is less than three tefachim off the ground from the rest of the reshut harabim (or ditch less than three tefachim deep) is considered part of the reshut. There may be circumstances in which both the criteria for a reshut hayachid and for a reshut harabim are met, in which case most authorities hold we categorise the area as a reshut hayachid.",

	"Reshut HaYachid"	: "A reshut hayachid is one of the four categories of domains listed in the Talmud (Shabbat 6a). It is an area that is enclosed by walls – mechitzahs, that are at least ten tefachim high and encompass an area that is at the minimum four tefachim by four tefachim (Shulchan Aruch: Aruch Chaim 345:2). These mechitzahs can also encircle an area that is ten tefachim deep or an elevated area that is ten tefachim high. A trench that is ten tefachim deep and four tefachim wide also counts as a mechitzah.",

	"Sechirut Reshut"	: "Renting property (see Tur and Shulchan Aruch: Oruch Cham 366:1, 7; 382:1; 391:1).",

	"Shabbat"		: "Jewish Sabbath - Saturday. Mandated in the Ten Commandments as a day of rest, on which Malachah is forbidden, in commemoration of G-d's completion of the six days of creation.",

	"Shishim Ribo"		: "The definition of a public domain (reshut harabim) as being a thoroughfare through which more than 600,000 pedestrians pass, based on the Children of Israel's encampment in the wilderness (see Rashi Eruvin 6a). Nonetheless, not all authorities hold with this definition of a reshut harabim (see Biur Halachah 245:7). R Moshe Feinstein calculates that for a city to have 600,000 pedestrians travelling in one of its streets it must have three million residents (Igrot Moshe: Aruch Chaim 1:139:5, 4:87).",

	"Shitufei Mevuot"	: "Remedying the alleyways. Similar to Eruvei Chatzeirot, but is used for alleyways shared by multiple courtyards and can involve any food.",

	"Sratya"		: "An un-walled road – generally considered a reshut harabim.",

	"Tefach"		: "A handbreadth or fist. According to R Chaim Noeh this is 8.0cm, according to the Igrot Moshe this is 9.1cm and according to the Chazon Ish this is 9.65cm. One always tries to rely on the stricter opinion in each circumstance.",

	"Tzurat HaPetach"	: "A doorway opening. The construction of two posts and an overhead lintel that is attached to their top. The posts must be between ten tefachim and twenty amos high. This construction is used to fill gaps in the eruv perimeter where it is impractical to build a solid wall (see Eruvin 11b and Shulchan Aruch: Aruch Chaim 362:11). The construction should be solid enough so that it could at least theoretically support a door made of straw and so the wire must be reasonably taut (Mishnah Brura 362:66).",

	"Tzurat Hapetach Min Hatzad"	: "An invalid tzurat hapetach which has the wire going round the side rather than over the top of the vertical posts (Shulchan Aruch: Aruch Chaim 362:11)."

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